Polio also known as poliomyelitis, is a
cause of poliovirus infection. The condition involves inflammation of
the spinal cord gray matter. It is an acute infectious disease which is
highly contagious via the oral-oral and fecal-oral routes. The infection
may even spread into the brainstem leading to polioencephalitis. About
90% of polio infections are known to cause no symptoms; however, it may
exhibit symptoms if the virus passed into the blood stream. Polio
infections may result into various types of paralysis, depending on the
type of nerve infected. Various types of polio include spinal polio,
bulbar polio, and bulbospinal polio. Laboratory diagnosis of the disease
involves recovery of the poliovirus from stool samples or a swab of the
pharynx. Detection of antibodies in the blood against poliovirus may
help in the disease diagnosis. There is no known cure for polio, and
thus vaccination remains the only preventive measure against this
disease.
The global polio market is expected to
grow substantially due to targeted and data driven planning, rigorous
monitoring and effective communication, skilled and motivated staff, and
adequate funding. However, high rates of migration and birth rates,
population density, poor sanitation, and low routine immunization rates
are likely to pose a challenge to this market. Increasing efforts for
vaccination led by the WHO and UNICEF may help the eradication of the
disease across the globe. In addition, provision of free vaccination by
dedicated workers can lead to complete eradication of the disease. For
instance, India was declared polio-free in 2012.
The global market for polio is segmented
by vaccine, supportive measure, application, and geography. In terms of
vaccine, the market is segmented into inactivated polio vaccine and live
attenuated vaccine. The inactivated polio vaccine is administered by
using parenteral route, and the live attenuated vaccine is administered
by oral route. The live attenuated vaccine segment generates higher
revenue than the inactivated polio vaccine segment as the former is easy
to administer, and required high dose as compared to parenteral route.
Both the vaccines are generally considered safe to give at the time of
pregnancy and to those who have HIV/AIDS. The World Health Organization
recommends that all children around the world should be vaccinated
against polio. In terms of supportive measure, the market is segmented
into antibiotics, analgesics, portable ventilators, and rehabilitation
therapies such as occupational therapy, braces, orthopedic surgery,
corrective shoes, and physical therapy. Based on application, the market
for polio is divided into adults and pediatric patients. The pediatric
segment is likely to account for a significant share of the polio market
owing to increase in the number of programs for raising awareness
regarding vaccination.
Geographically, the market for polio is
distributed over North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia Pacific, and
Middle East & Africa. Each geography market is sub-divided into
specific countries such as the U.S., Canada, Germany, the U.K., Brazil,
China, India, Japan, and GCC countries. North America is currently
leading the polio market due to initiatives taken by the government for
promoting the adoption of immunization programs against the polio
disease and others such as influenza and HPV.
The target audiences of the global polio
market include vaccine manufacturers, vaccine associations, clinical
laboratories, vaccine research institutes, vaccine raw material
suppliers, group purchasing organizations (GPOs), immunization centers,
research and consulting firms, vaccine product distributors,
biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies, vaccine development
institutes and organizations, and hospitals and laboratories.
Key players operating in this market
include GlaxoSmithKline, Merck & Co, Sanofi Pasteur, CSL Limited,
Astellas Pharma Inc., Emergent BioSolutions, Inc., Johnson &
Johnson, Pfizer, MedImmune, LLC, and Serum Institute India Pvt. Ltd.
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