Hyperlipidemia, also called
hyperlipoproteinemia, is a lipid disorder caused due to the increase in
levels of lipids (fats) in the bloodstream. It is caused due to improper
lipid metabolism or a disorder in the synthesis and degradation of
plasma lipoproteins or plasma lipid transport. Hyperlipidemia means
abnormally high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. These lipids
include cholesterol and triglycerides. The primary biological function
of these lipids is the storage of energy. However, abnormal lipid
metabolism results into metabolic syndrome such as obesity, diabetes,
hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Deposition of fats and cholesterol
along the walls of the arteries leads to atherosclerosis. Furthermore,
high levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), very low density
lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and decrease in high
density lipoprotein (HDL) are major risk factors for chronic
degenerative disease and coronary heart diseases.
Antihyperlipidemic drugs or agents help
reduce lipid levels in the blood. A few antihyperlipidemic agents reduce
triglyceride levels, some help reduce low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol levels, and some help raise the high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol. Primary and secondary symptoms of coronary heart disease
are prevented by reducing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Antihyperlipidemic agents function in a number of ways such as they
inhibit cholesterol absorption in the intestine and also prevent
cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, they sequester bile acids in the
intestine and alter relative levels and patterns of different plasma
lipoproteins.
The global antihyperlipidemic drugs
market is anticipated to expand during the forecast period due to the
increase in hyperlipidemia cases. The primary cause of hyperlipidemia is
lifestyle habits or medical conditions. Obesity, smoking, and lack of
exercise are lifestyle habits that are expected to lead to
hyperlipidemia. Medical conditions that are likley to result in
hyperlipidemia are kidney disease, diabetes, pregnancy, etc. The global
antihyperlipidemic drugs market is expected to expand due to the
increase in the elderly population and incidence of cardiovascular
diseases. According to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) there
are more than 11 million new cases of cardiovascular diseases in Europe
and more than six million new cases in the European Union. Moreover,
according to the report by faculties of the Department of Nutrition and
Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, by 2020, cardiovascular
diseases are expected to account for seven out of every 10 deaths in
developing countries.
The global antihyperlipidemic drugs
market can be segmented based on class, distribution, channels, and
region. Based on class, the global antihyperlipidemic drugs market can
be segregated into bile acid sequesters, cholesterol absorption
inhibitors, fibrates (fibric acid derivatives), miscellaneous
antihyperlipidemic agents, PCSK9 inhibitors, and statins. These classes
of antihyperlipidemic drugs differ in their mechanism of action and also
in the type of lipid reduction and the magnitude of the reduction.
Statins are the most common group of antihyperlipidemic drugs, which
function in lowering the cholesterol levels by interrupting the
cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. The fibrate class of
antihyperlipidemic drugs decrease fatty acid and triglyceride levels by
stimulating the peroxisomal b-oxidation pathway. Based on distribution
channel, the global antihyperlipidemic drugs market can be segmented
into hospital pharmacies, retail stores, and online retailers. The
hospital pharmacies segment accounts for a prominent share of the global
antihyperlipidemic drugs market.
In terms of geography, the market is
segmented into Europe, Latin America, Asia Pacific, North America, and
Middle East & Africa. North America dominates the antihyperlipidemic
drugs market in terms of revenue and is anticipated to dominate during
the forecast period. Rising prevalence of vascular diseases and number
of amputations in the region are likely to augment the
antihyperlipidemic drugs market in North America. Expansion of the
market in North America can also be attributed to substantial
investments in R&D and healthcare expenditure by governments and
private players operating in the field of prosthetics in the region.
Europe follows North America in terms of share of the global
antihyperlipidemic drugs market. This is due to compulsory medical
insurance in countries such as Germany and France, high disposable
income and high research and development activities in the healthcare
sector of the region. The market in Asia Pacific and Middle East &
Africa is anticipated to expand at a significant growth rate during the
forecast period.
Key players operating in the global
antihyperlipidemic drugs market are AstraZeneca plc, Grifols S.A.,
Pfizer, Inc.,Shire Plc, Biotest AG, Octapharma AG, Kedrion S.p.A.,
Baxalta Incorporated and Talecris Biotherapeutics, Inc.
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