Whole antibodies have grabbed a
significant share of the global sales revenue as well as the volume of
the biopharmaceuticals market. But with recent research and development
efforts, it has come to light that the whole or full-length antibodies
may always not be needed, or sometimes may not be desirable even for
therapeutic use. Antibody fragments come in the picture at this point.
For example, anti-tumor antibodies are larger in size and therefore
can’t penetrate the tumor, thus affecting their therapeutic value in
tumor suppression. Antibodies are also inappropriate for intracellular
targeting sites because of their comparatively larger size. In this
case, antibody fragments having specific sequences for the target site
is used. Antibody fragments show enhanced penetration due to their
smaller size. Antibody fragments can bind at highly specific sites and
they can be manufactured or designed without the Fc region thus
eliminating immunogenicity. Also, the antibody fragments have low
manufacturing cost, high yield in production and extended therapeutic
uses.
Firstly, antibody fragments are segmented
into F(ab) fragment and F(ab’)2. A papain digestion of an antibody will
yield two F(ab) fragments. F(ab) fragment is a monovalent antibody
structure devoid of the Fc region but has an antigen binding site. The
F(ab) fragments are used to block the endogenous Ig’s-immunoglobulins.
However, F(ab’)2 fragments are obtained through the pepsin digestion of
IgG antibody. This digestion will remove most of the Fc region but will
keep some of the hinge region intact. This fragment has two antigen
binding sites which are attached by disulfide bonds. The F(ab’)2
fragments are smaller in size and thus have better penetration. This
antibody fragment also has a better antigen recognition feature, as
these antibody fragments avoid unspecific binding. Both of these
antibody fragments provide better results in the immunohistochemistry
applications. Antibody fragments have a very vast range of therapeutic
applications. The field of antibody fragments applications is just the
revised or advanced version of monoclonal antibody therapeutic
applications. Antibody fragments are very useful in medical diagnostics;
specific antibody fragments are used for disease diagnosis. In some
cases, multiple antibody fragments are used to spot antigens specific to
cause a particular infectious disease. Antibody fragments are used to
treat many immune deficiencies, central nervous system disorders, and
cardiovascular diseases. Many antibody fragments are used to treat
colorectal cancer and breast cancer.
Antibody Fragments Market: Market Dynamics
With increasing incidences of various
types of cancers, infectious diseases and in turn immune deficiencies,
there is going to be an increasing demand for antibody fragments. Also,
an increase in geriatric population has been observed worldwide.
Therefore, looking at the application prospects of antibody fragments,
the market is likely to boom over the forecast period. Antibody
fragments are also expected to be preferred compared to full-chain
antibodies as the manufacturing and purification costs of antibody
fragments are less. Strict ICD-10 guidelines may restrain the use of
some antibody fragments for the treatment of a particular disease.
However, new developments in the clinical development of antibody
fragments for some of the deadliest diseases can give a massive
opportunity for the antibody fragments market over the forecast period.
Antibody Fragments Market: Region-wise Outlook and Key Players
The occurrence of cancer and other
immunodeficiencies are observed at a higher rate in North America
compared to other regions. North America and Europe spend a significant
amount of money on drugs and therapies related to cancer. It is
estimated that North America is the largest market for antibody
fragments, followed by Europe, trailed by Asia-Pacific, Latin America
and the Middle East and Africa. The key players in the antibody
fragments market are Novartis AG, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Johnson
& Johnson Services, Inc., Amgen Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company,
AbbVie Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Sanofi, Biogen Inc.
and Eli Lilly and Co.
The report offers a comprehensive
evaluation of the market. It does so via in-depth qualitative insights,
historical data, and verifiable projections about market size. The
projections featured in the report have been derived using proven
research methodologies and assumptions. By doing so, the research report
serves as a repository of analysis and information for every facet of
the market, including but not limited to: Regional markets, technology,
types, and applications.
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