Liver carries out important functions in
the body such as protein production, metabolizing of fat and
carbohydrate, detoxification of drugs, alcohol, and environmental toxin.
Liver disease is a broad term that covers all the potential problems
that cause the liver fail to perform its designated function. The
different types of liver diseases are hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver
cancer, and liver abscess (collection of pus). Liver cirrhosis is a late
stage of scarring of liver caused by liver disease and conditions such
as chronic alcoholism, hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Signs and symptoms of liver cirrhosis include abdominal pain, fatigue,
intestinal bleeding, jaundice, weakness, and weight loss. Liver
cirrhosis can be broadly classified into hepatitis C-related cirrhosis,
alcoholic cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary
cirrhosis. Approximately 20% to 30% of the subjects chronically
infected with hepatitis C virus are likely to develop liver cirrhosis 15
to 25 years later. Alcoholic cirrhosis is an advanced form of liver
disease caused due to alcohol consumption. About 10% to 15% of people
with alcoholism develop liver cirrhosis.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is
characterized by cholestasis with inflammation in bile duct, eventually
leading to liver cirrhosis. Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune
disease of the liver that results in progressive disruption of the bile
duct. Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis can be done by patient history,
physical examination, laboratory test such as liver function test,
hepatitis B and C test, imaging such as magnetic resonance elastography
or transient elastography, MRI, and CT scan. However, liver cirrhosis
can only be confirmed by liver biopsy. Liver cirrhosis cannot be cured;
however, drugs prevent or delay further liver damage. These include
chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted therapy, vaccine, antiviral drugs,
immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressant. Scientists are
currently working to expand the treatment area for liver cirrhosis, but
success has been limited. Currently, the phase II trial of IDN-6556
(emricasan) is underway on liver cirrhosis subjects. According to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the global incidence of
liver disease was 3.9 million in 2016. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), incidence of liver cirrhosis is rising in countries
in Europe due to high consumption of alcohol.
Rise in prevalence of liver disease and
rapidly changing lifestyles such as increase in alcohol consumption are
projected to drive the global liver cirrhosis treatment market during
the forecast period. Additionally, increase in awareness programs and
rise in R&D investment for the development of new drug molecules are
projected to propel the global liver cirrhosis treatment market in the
near future. However, high cost of drug development and stringent
government regulations are projected to restrain the global market
during the forecast period.
The global liver cirrhosis
treatment market can be segmented based on disease type, drug type,
distribution channel, and region. In terms of disease type, the global
market can be categorized into hepatitis C-related cirrhosis, alcoholic
cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary
cirrhosis. Based on drug type, the global liver cirrhosis treatment
market can be classified into chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted therapy,
vaccine, antiviral drugs, immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and
immunosuppressant. In terms of distribution channel, the global market
can be divided into online pharmacies, retail pharmacies, and hospital
pharmacies.
Geographically, the global liver
cirrhosis treatment market can be segmented into North America, Europe,
Latin America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. North America
is expected to account for the largest share of the global market due
to favorable reimbursement scenario and higher health care spending.
Europe is expected to be the second-largest market for liver cirrhosis
treatment during the forecast period due to rise in awareness about new
treatment options and developed regulatory framework. The liver
cirrhosis treatment market in Asia Pacific is expected to grow at a
rapid pace during the forecast period. Growth of the market in the
region can be attributed to rise in prevalence of liver disease and
improving health care infrastructure.
Key players operating in the global liver
cirrhosis treatment market are Pfizer, Inc., Abbott Laboratories, Merck
& Co., Inc., Novartis AG, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Takeda
Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., and Zydus Pharmaceuticals Inc., among
others.
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