Blood carries oxygen which is required
for a healthy body functioning. When the concentration of oxygen is
reduced in the blood then an oxygen-sensing protein present in the
kidney identifies the deficiency of oxygen gradient in the blood and
then induces the EPO production,which then turns upon the erythroid cell
line in the bone marrow to stimulate hematopoiesis and thus it response
to the change in blood oxygen gradient. Endogenous erythropoietin (EPO)
is a glycoprotein hematopoietic hormone, which is synthesized, in the
renal tubules. EPO helps in controlling and regulating the mechanism of
erythropoiesisin the bone marrow.
Due to anemia and renal problem, the
production of erythropoietin (EPO) istroubled, resulting into fatigue,
weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin and insomnia.For treating
anemia,chemotherapy induced anemia, renal disorders and others
erythropoietin stimulating drugs (EPO) are used.For development of
synthetic form of erythropoietin drugs such as epoetin alfa, epoetin
beta, darbepoetin alfa, epoetin delta, epoetin omega and others with the
help of improved recombinant DNA technology.Recombinant erythropoietin
is an artificialformof natural erythropoietin. These are made by cloning
the gene for erythropoietin. Among synthetic EPO’sepoetin alfa, epoetin
beta, epoetin omega, epoetin delta and darbepoetin-alpha are used
extensively. Epoetin delta is another recombinant EPO that is been used
for treating patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
GlobalErythropoietin stimulating agent
market are driven by increasing number of patients suffering from
anemia, anemia induced due to cancer, end stage renal disease (ESRD) and
HIV treatment. In June 1989,Epoetin alfa was the first drug for EPO,
manufactured by Amgen Inc. U.S FDA approved itunder the trade name
“Epogen”.The global market for erythropoietin drugs are expected to grow
in near future as increased cases of cancer and renal problem
haveregistered. With the expiration of Amgen’s patent for Epogen, it has
helped the production of other biosimilars EPO drugs. Hence,
availability of many biosimilar drugs has renderedlow-cost option to the
patients, therefore particularly, in the developing regions the
adoption of EPO drugs have increased.
Based on product type erythropoietin
stimulating agent can divided as Epoetin-alfa, Epoetin-beta, epoetin
omega, epoetin delta and darbepoetin-alpha. Application of
erythropoietin stimulating agents are classified as anemia, cancer
chemotherapy, kidney disorders (ESRD and dialysis), antiretroviral
treatment (ART) and others (neural disease and wound healing),
Some of the major players in
erythropoietin stimulating agent market are Amgen Inc., Biocon,
Celltrion, Inc., Hospira Inc., Intas Pharmaceuticals, Johnson &
Johnson, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., Roche, LG Life Sciences Ltd. and
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
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