Global Cardiac Output Monitoring Devices Market: Snapshot
For critically ill, high risk patients
who need surgery, cardiac output (CO) monitoring is considered to be a
significant tool. It is important for patients in whom large shifts of
fluid are anticipated together with anticipation of hemodynamic
instability and bleeding. It is regarded as a significantly important
element of goal directed therapy (GDT) for instance when administration
of medicine and vasopressors is used in conjunction with cardiac monitor
so as to obtain therapeutic endpoints thereby bettering outcome and
patient care. It is not possible to measure cardiac output credibly
through routine assessment and clinical examination.
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There are numerous methods of cardiac
output monitoring which are based on bioimpedance, pulse contour
analysis, thermodilution, Doppler, and Ficks principle. However, each
and every method has its own disadvantages and advantages. An ideal
cardiac output monitoring devices should have fast time of response,
should be either non-invasive or minimally, reproducible, cost
effective, continuous, and dependable through various physiological
conditions. Furthermore, advancement in the field of computer hardware
and software has resulted in the development of better and newer methods
of cardiac output monitoring devices which have either minimal or no
vascular access.
Pulmonary artery catheter or PAC as it is
conveniently known as refers to a monitor that is used for the
measurement of pressure and flow and was designed and developed by
Dexter. It was later on modified by Swan et al so as to make a
measurement of central filling pressures and cardiac output. Pulmonary
artery catheter is still regarded as gold standard monitor for the
purposed of the measurement of cardiac output since 1970’s. It is being
further utilized for the purpose of monitoring in various critical care
units and high risk surgeries.
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Cardiac output is known as the volume of
blood is pumped by from the right or left ventricle of heart per minute
and which is dependent on heart rate, and stroke volume. The cardiac
output increases during acute exercise and mental stress, while
decreased cardiac output might include physical exercise of a intensity
that the patient is not able to bear because of decrease in oxygen
supply, obesity, ingestion of large meals that place an added workload
on the heart, retention of fluid, emotional stress, hypervolemia, and
smoking. It is essential to assess the state of patient’s blood
circulation. Low cardiac output usually leads to a common problem of low
blood pressure which might surface occur during surgery, or during
postoperative care in the intensive care units.
In high-risk surgical patients and
critically ill patients the arterial blood pressure and cardiac output
usually are monitored more comprehensively. Cardiac output monitoring
devices are used to know the cardiac output of heart and arterial oxygen
content which enable the circulation of continuous systemic oxygen
supply to the body. Doubling the cardiac output leads to double amount
of the oxygen supply to the tissues, while the low cardiac output leads
to inadequate supply of oxygen to organs like brain and the low amount
of cellular oxygenation can cause tissue and organ failure. The major
observed causative factors for the decrease cardiac output are
congenital heart defects, pathologic changes in the heart’s muscle,
blood dyscrasias, chronic pulmonary disease and electrolyte imbalances
(as of potassium or calcium). According to North American Nursing
Diagnosis Association, decreased cardiac output is defined as a state in
which inadequate blood is pumped by the heart to meet the metabolic
demands of the body. Cardiac output monitoring devices market is
classified on the basis of product type, methods, end-user and
geography.
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On the basis of product type the market
is broadly classified into invasive, minimally-invasive and non-invasive
cardiac output monitoring devices. The invasive cardiac output
monitoring has been traditionally accomplished using the pulmonary
artery catheter (PAC), but complications associated with PAC has
markedly decreased the widespread use of the PAC. The market demand for
the non- invasive devices is high followed by minimally invasive devices
as compare to invasive devices, due to factors such as ease,
accessibility and cost- effectiveness and fast response time. By methods
the market is segmented as thermodilution method, pulse pressure
analysis, Doppler method, bioimpedance and applied Fick principle. Each
methods has its own merits and demerits. On the basis of end-user the
market is segmented as hospitals, ambulatory care and critical care
centers. By end-user hospitals covers the major market for cardiac
output monitoring devices, because of reliability and conjunction of
other therapeutic treatments. The factors such as raising incidences of
cardiovascular diseases, increase in the number of people suffering from
obesity, growing ageing population, and raising healthcare
infrastructure facilities are the growth drivers of this market.
By geography, the market can be segmented
into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the world.
Geographically, North America was observed to have the major share of
cardiac output monitoring device market due to high healthcare
awareness, prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and technological
advancement in the region. Europe contributes to the second largest
share in the cardiac output monitoring device market growth with raising
ageing population. However, Asia Pacific region is expected to be the
fastest growing due to the gradual adoption of improved technologies,
emerging health care infrastructures, and raising population with
cardiac problems and obesity. Followed by Rest of the world.
The major key players operating in
cardiac output monitoring device market include Edwards Lifesciences
Corporation, Cheetah Medical, PULSION Medical Systems SE, Philips
Healthcare, LiDCO Group plc, Boston Scientific Corporation, GE
Healthcare, and others. Bioreactance-based NICOM Cheetah Medical remains
the topmost non-invasive market leader.
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